癞蝗科（Pamphagidae）在中国的分布和演化

癞蝗科在中国共有２个亚科，即分布在中国西北部的蠢蝗亚科Ｔｈｒｉｎｃｈｉｎａｅ和东北部的癞蝗亚科Ｐａｍｐｈａｇｉｎａｅ，这种分布格局很可能是由于青藏高原隆起后使中亚气候变得干旱少雨才形成的。在癞蝗科的１２个属、４２个种中（蠢蝗亚科１１属４０种，癞蝗亚科１属２种），特有成分占有绝对优势，计有特有属６个、亚特有属３个、特有种３３种，这些特有成分的分布范围均很狭小，基本分布在以贺兰山为中心的荒漠、半荒漠草原中。蠢蝗亚科的特有成分很可能均起源于波腿蝗属ＡｓｉｏｔｍｅｔｈｉｓＵｖ．或者它们来源于共同的祖先。

DISTRIBUTION AND EVOLUTION OF PAMPHAGIDAE IN CHINA

There are 2 subfamilies of Pamphagidae in China: Thrinchinae and Pamphaginae. The former contains 11 genera and 40 species, and the latter contains only 1 genus and 2 species. Characteristics of the distribution of Chinese Pamphagidae may summarize as follows: 1) most species are endemic species (33species, 78. 5 % ); 2) distributive regions of the endemic genera are very narrow and small; 3) the distributive regions of Thrinchinae and Pamphaginae separate distinctly, the former is in the north-west of China and the latter is in the east-north of China (fig. 1)Among 11 genera of Thrinchinae, there are 6 endemic genera and 3 sub-endemic genera. The above mentioned 9 genera maybe have evolved from Asiotmethis Uvarov, or they have the common ancestor with Asiotmethis Uvarov. The endemic genera only distributed on the desert and semi-desert grassland. The desert and semi-desert grassland might be the evolutive centre of Thrinchinae (fig. 2). The distribution of Pamphaginae in China and those in the world are disconnected, the distributive fact might be created by the continually changes of climate and biotope.