Selagineae and Manuleeae, two tribes or one? Phylogenetic studies in the Scrophulariaceae

 Based on results from a cladistic analysis of molecular characters using parsimony and Bayesian inference, the tribe Selagineae (Scrophulariaceae, sometimes Selaginaceae or Globulariaceae), is found to have arisen within Manuleeae (Scrophulariaceae). The inclusion of Selagineae into Manuleeae is therefore proposed. The result is corroborated by morphological characters, and indicates that the typical Selagineae condition with one ovule per ovary locule has arisen several times within the Manuleeae. Two former Manuleeae taxa are excluded from Manuleeae; Antherothamnus and Camptoloma. The former shows affinity with Scrophularia and Verbascum, and the latter groups with Buddleja and related genera. The controversy between parsimony and likelihood based methods are briefly discussed as is the possibility of historical bias in prior studies. Received February 9, 2001 Accepted June 1, 2001