鼠尾藓不同居群间形态及RAPD 分析

选取采自黑龙江、内蒙古、陕西以及浙江地区的8个居群的鼠尾藓为实验材料，对不同居群的鼠尾藓叶片的形态、叶细胞的大小及植物体的形态进行了观察比较，同时运用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）探讨了鼠尾藓的遗传多样性。利用13条随机引物共获得104个条带，其中多态性条带占84．62％。鼠尾藓各居群间的Dice遗传距离为0．37～0．66。POPGENE32软件分析得到种的Nei基因多样性指数（H）为0．3326，Shannon指数（I）为0．4877，遗传分化系数（GST）为0．3303。形态学观察的结果表明，鼠尾藓的植物体及叶片的形态在居群间变异较小，很好地代表了这个种的特征；而叶细胞的大小及叶尖长度的变异程度较大，说明这些形态特征易受环境影响，代表了种下水平的差异。不同居群的鼠尾藓无论在遗传上还是在形态上都表现出明显的多样性，说明鼠尾藓具有较强的适应环境的能力。

Morphological and RAPD Analyses of Different Myuroclada maximowiczii ( Brachytheciaceae ) Populations

The shapes of leaves,sizes of median laminal cells and forms of plants were compared among eight Myuroclada maximowiczii populations from Heilongjiang,Shaanxi,Zhejiang province and Inner Mongolia.The genetic diversity of different M.maximowiczii populations were also studied,using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).104 RAPD bands from 13 primers were analyzed,of which 84.62% were polymorphic.The Dice genetic distances among eight M.maximowiczii populations varied from 0.37 to 0.66.POPGENE analysis showed that the Nei's gene diversity was 0.3326,and Shannon's Information index was 0.4877,and G_ ST was 0.3303.According to morphological observations,the shapes of leaves and plants are very stable in populations,which indicate the species characters;but the sizes of median laminal cells and leaf tips are different,suggesting that they are deperdent on environment and could be the subspecies characters.The results show that there are obvious diversity among different M.maximowiczii populations,in light of both genetic and morphological characters.The results indicates that M.maximowiczii can adapt to various environment.