Asexual Reproduction and Segmental Regeneration, but not Morphallaxis, are Inhibited by Boric Acid in Lumbriculus variegatus (Annelida: Clitellata: Lumbriculidae) |
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Authors: | Veronica G Martinez Prashant K Reddy Mark J Zoran |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA |
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Abstract: | Body fragmentation, in some animal groups, is a mechanism for survival and asexual reproduction. Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774), an aquatic oligochaete worm, is capable of regenerating into complete individuals from small body fragments
following injury and reproduces primarily by asexual reproduction. Few studies have determined the cellular mechanisms that
underlie fragmentation, either regenerative or asexual. We utilized boric acid treatment, which blocks regeneration of segments
in amputated fragments and blocks architomic fission during asexual reproduction, to investigate mechanistic relationships
and differences between these two modes of development. Neural morphallaxis, involving changes in sensory fields and giant
fiber conduction, was detected in amputated fragments in the absence of segmental regeneration. Furthermore, neural morphallactic
changes occurred as a result of developmental mechanisms of asexual reproduction, even when architomy was prevented. These
results show that fragmentation in L. variegatus, during injury or asexual reproduction, employs developmental and morphallactic processes that can be mechanistically dissociated
by boric acid exposure. In regeneration following injury, compensatory morphallaxis occurred in response to fragmentation.
In contrast, anticipatory morphallaxis was induced in preparation for fragmentation during asexual reproduction. Thus, various
forms of regeneration in this lumbriculid worm can be activated independently and in different developmental contexts. |
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Keywords: | morphallaxis asexual reproduction fission regeneration boric acid escape reflex |
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