福建省戴云山野生哺乳动物和鸟类红外相机监测

2017年2月至2018年3月, 我们在福建省德化县戴云山国家级自然保护区和德化石牛山森林公园内设置红外相机监测位点60个, 调查戴云山地区野生哺乳动物和鸟类生物多样性。本次调查累计19,924个相机工作日, 拍摄到独立有效照片3,499张, 可准确鉴定哺乳动物4目10科17属18种, 鸟类5目11科21属24种, 家畜3种。其中, 国家I级重点保护野生动物2种, 国家II级重点保护野生动物5种, 且白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti)为戴云山自然保护区新记录种。在野生哺乳动物中, 相对多度指数最高的前5种依次为小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、赤麂(Muntiacus vaginalis)、赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)、猪獾(Arctonyx collaris); 在鸟类中, 相对多度指数最高的前5种依次为白鹇(Lophura nythemera)、紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)、黑领噪鹛(Garrulax pectoralis)、白眉山鹧鸪(Arborophila gingica)、灰胸竹鸡(Bambusicola thoracica)。此外, 红外相机还拍摄到大量的家畜及人类活动照片, 显示区内存在较强的人为活动干扰。本次调查结果提供了较为全面的戴云山区哺乳动物和鸟类的本底信息, 填补了闽中地区大中型哺乳动物观测的空白, 为后续的保护管理和长期监测工作建立了基础。

Camera-trapping survey of wild mammals and birds in Daiyunshan,Fujian Province

To investigate the biodiversity of wild mammals and birds in Daiyunshan National Nature Reserve and Shiniushan Forest Park (located in Dehua County, Fujian Province), 60 camera-traps were established and monitored from February 2017 to March 2018. A total of 3,499 independent photographs were collected with a sampling effort of 19,924 camera-days. This effort identified 18 wild mammal species belonging to 4 orders, 10 families, and 17 genera; 24 wild bird species belonging to 5 orders, 11 families and 21 genera; and 3 domestic animal species. Two of the species are listed as Class I Nationally Protected Wildlife, and 5 species are listed as Class II. One new species, Syrmaticus ellioti, was recorded at the Daiyunshan National Nature Reserve. Based on the relative abundance index, the five most abundant wild mammal species are Muntiacus reevesi, Sus scrofa, Muntiacus vaginalis, Callosciurus erythraeus, Arctonyx collaris, and the five most abundant bird species are Lophura nythemera, Myophonus caeruleus, Garrulax pectoralis, Arborophila gingica, Bambusicola thoracica. In addition, the detection rates of poultry, livestock and local villagers were rather high, which indicates high levels of anthropogenic disturbance across the study area. The results of this study provide a comprehensive baseline of the wild mammals and birds in the Daiyunshan and Shiniushan areas, fill the gaps in the observations of large and medium-sized mammals in central Fujian Province, and establish the basis for follow-up protection management and long-term monitoring.