砂仁中化学成分及其药理作用的研究进展

砂仁中的主要成分为乙酸龙脑酯、樟脑、龙脑等挥发性成分,另外非挥发性成分主要有多糖、黄酮苷类、有机酸类以及无机成分等。其药理作用研究大多集中在挥发油部分,目前发现砂仁的药理作用主要有胃肠保护功能、抗炎、镇痛、止泻、降血糖等。砂仁中成分的种类、含量受到基源、产地、部位等众多因素的影响。我们通过文献研究发现:阳春砂中含量最高的挥发性成分为乙酸龙脑酯,而海南砂、绿壳砂中含量最高的挥发性成分为樟脑。此外,广东阳春所产阳春砂主要挥发油成分含量较其他地方高,验证了阳春为阳春砂的道地产区,而西双版纳所产绿壳砂的主要挥发性成分含量最高,说明了西双版纳所产绿壳砂质量较优。本综述的分析总结为中药砂仁的进一步开发和利用奠定了理论基础。

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Amomum villosum

ABSTRACT: The main components of Amomum villosum are volatile components such as bornyl acetate, camphor and borneol. Besides, there arenonvolatile components including polysaccharides, flavonoid glycosides, organic acids and inorganic components. Most of its pharmacological studies are concentrated on the part of volatile oil. Currently, the pharmacological effects of A. villosum are mainly found in the field ofgastrointestinal protection, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiarrheal, hypoglycemic and so on. The species and contents of Amomum constituents are influenced by the base, origin, location and many other factors. The authors found that the highest content of volatile components in the A. villosum isbornyl acetate, while the one in Amomum longiligulare and Amomum villosumLour. var. xanthioides is camphor. In addition, the content of volatile oil in the main A. villosum produced by Yangchun in Guangdong is higher than that in other places, and it is proved that the main volatile components of the A. villosum produced by Xishuangbanna are the highest, indicating that thequality of A. villosum produced by Xishuangbanna is better.