Conservation genetics of maned wolves in a highly impacted area of the Brazilian Cerrado biome |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Marília?Bruzzi?LionEmail author Eduardo?Eizirik Adrian?Antonio?Garda Manoel?Ludwig?da?Fontoura-Rodrigues Flávio?Henrique?Guimar?es?Rodrigues Jader?Soares?Marinho-Filho |
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Institution: | 1.Departamento de Zoologia, PPG-Biologia Animal,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília,Brasilia,Brazil;2.Laboratório de Biologia Gen?mica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências,Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul,Porto Alegre,Brazil;3.Instituto Pró-Carnívoros,Atibaia,Brazil;4.Departamento de Botanica, Ecologia e Zoologia,Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,Natal,Brazil;5.Departamento de Biologia Geral,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte,Brazil |
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Abstract: | Maned wolves are large canids currently considered vulnerable to extinction due to habitat loss. They are still commonly found
within the urban mesh inside the Brazilian Federal District (Distrito Federal—DF), in nearby Protected Areas (PAs), and in
surrounding farms. We evaluated the genetic diversity of maned wolves in three PAs of the DF, using both invasive and noninvasive
techniques to obtain DNA that was later amplified for five microsatellite markers. We sampled 23 wolves: 10 with the noninvasive
method, three captured in traps, six road-killed, and four rescued in urban areas. In águas Emendadas Ecological Station (ESECAE)
we also used samples from six specimens captured between 1997 and 1998 for a temporal comparison. For maned wolves, non-invasive
techniques are affordable and easier to conduct in the field, while laboratory costs are much lower for invasive samples.
Hence, a sampling strategy combining both techniques may provide an interesting approach for molecular ecology studies requiring
comprehensive coverage of local individuals. On the basis of such integrated sampling scheme, our analyses indicated that
none of the investigated populations currently present deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations or indication of inbreeding.
Furthermore, in ESECAE there was no reduction in genetic diversity during the last 9 years. Overall, maned wolves did not
present evidence of genetic structuring among the three sampled PAs. These results thus indicate that individual exchange
among PAs is still occurring at sufficient rates to avoid differentiation, and/or that the recent fragmentation in the region
has not yet produced measurable effects in the genetic diversity of maned wolves. |
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