Historical effect in the territoriality of ayu fish |
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Authors: | Tanaka Yumi Iguchi Kei'ichiro Yoshimura Jin Nakagiri Nariyuki Tainaka Kei-ichi |
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Affiliation: | a School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji 670-0092, Japan b National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, 1088 Komaki, Ueda 386-0031, Japan c Department of Systems Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan d Marine Biosystems Research Center, Chiba University, 1 Uchiura, Kamogawa 299-5502, Japan e Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA |
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Abstract: | Ayu fish form algae-feeding territories in a river during a non-breeding (growing) season. We build a cost-benefit theory to describe the breakdown and formation of territory. In the early stage of a growing season, all fish hold territories at low densities. Once all territory sites are occupied, excess fish become floaters. When fish density further increases, a phase transition occurs: all the territories suddenly break down and fish form a school. In contrast, when the fish density is decreased, territories are suddenly formed from the school. Both theory and experiments demonstrate that ayu should exhibit a historical effect: the breakdown and formation processes of territory are largely different. In particular, the theory in formation process predicts a specific fish behavior: an “attempted territory holder” that tries to have a small territory emerges just before the formation of territory. |
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Keywords: | Fish behavior Territory formation Territory breakdown Historical effect Phase transition |
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