水生动物金属硫蛋白分子毒理学研究进展

随着现代工业的迅速发展，重金属污染问题日益严重。重金属离子主要通过水及食物进入生物机体并累积，对机体的生长发育与新陈代谢产生危害。金属硫蛋白（MT）是一种低分子量、富含半胱氨酸的蛋白质，广泛存在于大多数生物体内，在必需金属元素稳态调节、非必需金属元素解毒以及抗氧化等过程中具有重要作用，因此，MT可作为检测水生生态系统中重金属污染的潜在生物标记，其分子毒理学已成为研究热点。综述了MT的结构、功能、分类与分布，以及鱼类、甲壳类和软体动物的MT分子毒理学研究概况。

Research progress on molecular toxicology of metallothionein in aquatic animals

With the rapid development of rnoderu industry, heavy metal contamination is becoming an increasingly serious issue. Metal ions were accumulated in organisms mainly from water and food, and caused damages to the growth, development and metabolism of or- ganisms. Metallothionein （ MT）, a low molecular weight eysteiue-rich protein, is widely found in most living organisms. It plays im- portant roles in essential metals homeostasis, non-essential metals detoxification and antioxidation. Therefore, MT can be considered as a potential biomarker of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystem. Furthermore, the study on molecular toxicology of MT has become a hots- pot. The structure, function, classification and distribution of MT, along with the research on molecular toxicology of MT in fishes, crustaceans and molluscs have been summarized in this article.