Sulfate reduction from phosphogypsum using a mixed culture of sulfate-reducing bacteria |
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| Institution: | 1. Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, UMR 5563 CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France;2. Institut National Agronomique de Tunis (INAT), Université de Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis Maharajène, Tunisia;3. University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology and Aquatic Ecosystems (LR18ES05), University Campus, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia;4. Marine Studies Section, Center for Environment and Water, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia;5. Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivités, Avenue de l''Environnement, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia;6. Department of Materials, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Trojanova 13, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic;7. Department of Earth Sciences & Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Campus ‘El Carmen’, 21071 Huelva, Spain;1. Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Mineral Materials and Their Applications, National Research Center in Materials Sciences, Technopole Borj Cedria B.P. 73, 8027 Soliman, Tunisia;2. Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 12B, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy;1. Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China;2. College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China;1. Earth Sciences Department, University of Huelva, Campus “El Carmen”, E-21071 Huelva, Spain;2. Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (EML), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Phosphogypsum (CaSO4), a primary by-product of phosphoric acid production, is accumulated in large stockpiles and occupies vast areas of land. It poses a severe threat to the quality of water and land in countries producing phosphoric acid. In this study, the potential of sulfate-reducing bacteria for biodegradation of this sulfur-rich industrial solid waste was assessed. The effect of phosphogypsum concentration, carbon and nitrogen sources, temperature, pH and stirring on the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria was investigated. Growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria was monitored by measuring sulfide production. Phosphogypsum was shown to be a good source of sulfate, albeit that the addition of organic carbon was necessary for bacterial growth. Biogenic sulfide production occurred with phosphogypsum up to a concentration of 40 g L−1, above which no growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria was observed. Optimal growth was obtained at 10 g L−1 phosphogypsum. Both the gas mixture H2/CO2 and lactate supported high amounts of H2S formation (19 and 11 mM, respectively). The best source of nitrogen for sulfate-reducing bacteria was yeast extract, followed by ammonium chloride. The presence of nitrate had an inhibitory effect on the process of sulfate reduction. Stirring the culture at 150 rpm slightly stimulated H2S formation, probably by improving sulfate solubility. |
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