Oviposition and reproductive performance of a generalist parasitoid (Trichogramma pretiosum) exposed to host species that differ in their physical characteristics |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;2. DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;1. Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Biologia e Protezione dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy;2. Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante CNR, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy;1. UMR 1349 INRA/Agrocampus Ouest/Université Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Le Rheu, France;2. Université Rennes 1, INRIA, CNRS, IRISA, F-35000, Rennes, France;3. DGIMI, INRA, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France;4. Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA;5. UMR DGIMI 1333 INRA - Université Montpellier Case Courrier 101 - Bâtiment 24, 4ème étage Place Eugène Bataillon 34 095 Montpellier Cedex 5;1. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;3. Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;4. Guangzhou Institute of Landscape Gardening, Guangzhou 510405, China;5. College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China |
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| Abstract: | The response of generalist egg parasitoids to alternative natural hosts that are present simultaneously is not well known. We investigated the behavior of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in relation to two field hosts Helicoverpa armigera Hübner and Spodoptera litura Fabricius, in choice and no choice tests. We quantified the effects of natal host species and post-emergence adult age on the oviposition preference of the parasitoids. H. armigera eggs were consistently preferred over S. litura eggs, regardless of the natal host and adult age. When only S. litura eggs were available as hosts, they were parasitized at statistically similar rates to H. armigera eggs (average of 17 ± 2.7 vs. 13 ± 3.0, H. armigera to S. litura). The adult lifespan and lifetime fecundity of T. pretiosum were variable but were affected by natal host species and/or host species to which they were exposed. Mean lifespan and fecundity of parasitoids that had developed in H. armigera eggs and were exposed to H. armigera eggs for oviposition were 13.9 ± 1.8 days and 98.7 ± 11.0 adult offspring. By contrast, those that developed in S. litura eggs and were exposed to S. litura eggs for oviposition lived for 7 ± 0.9 days and produced 53.8 ± 8.0 adult offspring. The ovigeny index (OI) was significantly lower in the parasitoids exposed to H. armigera eggs than in those exposed to S. litura eggs, regardless of the natal host, indicating that H. armigera eggs sustain the adult parasitoids better than S. litura eggs. These results are used to predict parasitoid behavior in the field when both hosts are available. |
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