Effects of urea and aqueous ammonia treatment on the composition and nutritive value of maize residues |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin 300384, China;2. Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;1. Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Department of Horticultural Engineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;2. Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Königin-Luise-Straße 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany;3. Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Königin-Luise-Straße 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Two trials were conducted to investigate changes in chemical composition and nutritive value of maize residues treated with urea and aqueous ammonia. In Experiment I, maize stalks, husks and cobs were chopped into pieces of approximately 1 cm length. Aqueous NH3 (3%) and feed grade urea equivalent to 3% NH3 were sprayed into 100 g duplicate samples on DM basis, thoroughly mixed, stored in plastic containers and kept for 3 week at ambient temperature (25–27 °C). Proximate composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of test materials were determined. In Experiment II, 100 kg batches of the maize residues were chopped and treated as in Experiment I but stored in 205 l drums lined with black polythene sheet. Feed intake and nutrient digestibility of treated materials were evaluated with 18 mature WAD sheep averaging 19.8 kg BW. Treatment improved (P < 0.05) intake and digestion coefficients for N, DM, NDF, ADF and OM but there were no differences (P > 0.05) between aqueous NH3 and urea treatments. Feed grade urea or the equivalent weight of fertilizer grade urea can be used to improve the nutritional value of maize residues for small ruminant feeding during off season periods. |
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