运城盐湖细菌群落结构及生态多样性分析

运城盐湖作为一个人类活动深入参与的高盐环境，其中的细菌群落结构及生态多样性既有盐湖环境的共性，又有自身的特殊性。【目的】运城盐湖湖水颜色丰富，蕴含着大量嗜盐及耐盐微生物资源。为了深入探究运城盐湖细菌资源分布规律，对不同水域中细菌多样性和群落结构进行研究，探讨运城盐湖不同水域中细菌群落结构的变化规律。【方法】基于16S rRNA基因的扩增子高通量测序，对运城盐湖不同水域的细菌群落结构进行分析，同时对微生物的潜在代谢功能进行预测。【结果】运城盐湖不同水域中的优势细菌类群有所差异，在盐湖中部，假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)是优势类群；而在运城盐湖东部，芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)则是主要类群；在运城盐湖西部，髌骨菌门(Patescibacteria)类群较为丰富。对运城盐湖不同区域的细菌多样性进行分析，数据显示盐湖中部浅黄色湖水中微生物多样性显著高于盐湖东部和西部区域，但盐湖中部红色湖水区域的微生物多样性较低。另外，在盐湖中部，湖水颜色不同的区域细菌物种分布也具有较大的差异。对运城盐湖细菌代谢功能进行预测分析发现，在盐湖不同区域的微生物参与的代谢通路活性各不相同，表现出较强的区域分布性，盐湖东部和西部的微生物代谢比盐湖中部更具有活性。【结论】运城盐湖微生物多样性丰富，不同水域的细菌多样性具有显著差异，盐湖不同水域的环境对细菌群落结构具有一定影响。本研究为运城盐湖细菌资源多样性的保育及开发利用提供了重要的理论基础。

Community structure and ecological diversity of bacteria in Yuncheng Salt Lake

Background] Yuncheng Salt Lake is a high-salt environment with intensive human activities. The community structure and ecological diversity of bacteria in Yuncheng Salt Lake are similar to those in other salt lakes while having their particularities. Objective] Yuncheng Salt Lake is rich in color and harbors abundant halophilic and salt-tolerant microorganisms. To understand the distribution of bacterial resources in Yuncheng Salt Lake, we measured the bacterial diversity and community structures in different areas of this lake. Methods] We employed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to study the community structures of halophiles in different areas of Yuncheng Salt Lake and predicted the potential metabolic functions of the bacteria. Results] The dominant bacteria varied in different areas of Yuncheng Salt Lake. Specifically, Pseudomonadota, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota were dominant in the central lake, Bacillota in the eastern lake, and Patescibacteria in the western lake. The bacterial diversity in the central lake area with light yellow water was significantly higher than that in the eastern and western lake. However, the bacterial diversity was low in the central lake area with red water. This result indicated that the bacterial distribution was different in the central lake areas with different water colors the metabolic pathway activity of bacteria in the salt lake and strong regional distribution. The microbial metabolism in the east and west lake was more active than that in the lake. Conclusion] Bacteria show high diversity in Yuncheng Salt Lake. The environment in different of lake influence the community structure of bacteria. This study provides a theoretical basis for the diversity conservation, development, and utilization of the bacterial resources in Yuncheng Salt Lake.