Characterization of a microsomal retinol dehydrogenase gene from amphioxus: retinoid metabolism before vertebrates |
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| Institution: | 1. Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Leibniz Science Campus Phosphorus Research Rostock, Warnemünde, Germany;2. Institute of Marine Biotechnology e. V., 17489 Greifswald, Germany;3. Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Germany;4. Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany;5. Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Functional Genome Analysis Research Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany;6. Department of Marine Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany;7. Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Amphioxus, a member of the subphylum Cephalochordata, is thought to be the closest living relative to vertebrates. Although these animals have a vertebrate-like response to retinoic acid, the pathway of retinoid metabolism remains unknown. Two different enzyme systems — the short chain dehydrogenase/reductases and the cytosolic medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) — have been postulated in vertebrates. Nevertheless, recent data show that the vertebrate-ADH1 and ADH4 retinol-active forms originated after the divergence of cephalochordates and vertebrates. Moreover, no data has been gathered in support of medium-chain retinol active forms in amphioxus. Then, if the cytosolic ADH system is absent and these animals use retinol, the microsomal retinol dehydrogenases could be involved in retinol oxidation. We have identified the genomic region and cDNA of an amphioxus Rdh gene as a preliminary step for functional characterization. Besides, phylogenetic analysis supports the ancestral position of amphioxus Rdh in relation to the vertebrate forms. |
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