Phyllotaxis of vegetative shoots, lamina rotation and their systematic implication in Magnoliaceae

Phyllotaxis in vegetative shoots and lamina rotation of Magnoliaceae are described. Most genera in Magnoliaceae investigated (except Parakmeria , Manglietiastrum and Pachylarnax ) show lamina rotation. Paraphoric, a new type of lamina rotation differing from four other types depicted by Charlton is clarified. Manglietia , Parakmeria , Manglietiastrum , Talauma , section Gwillimia and Rytidospermum in subgenus Magnolia , shoots of Woonyoungia , section Theorhodon and Liriodendron have spiral phyllotaxis, however Magnolia section Oyama and Maingol a, Alcimandra , Michelia , Paramichelia , Tsoogiodendron , buds of Woonyoungia , section Theorhodon and Liriodendron have distichous phyllotaxis. The systematic implication of vegetative shoot phyllotaxis and lamina rotation in Magnoliaceae is discussed in this paper.