Ectomycorrhizal fungi in Mexican Alnus forests support the host co-migration hypothesis and continental-scale patterns in phylogeography |
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Authors: | Kennedy Peter G Garibay-Orijel Roberto Higgins Logan M Angeles-Arguiz Rodolfo |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, USA;(2) Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, D.F., Mexico;(3) 0615 S.W. Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR 97219, USA |
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Abstract: | To examine the geographic patterns in Alnus-associated ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal assemblages and determine how they may relate to host plant biogeography, we studied
ECM assemblages associated with two Alnus species (Alnus acuminata and Alnus jorullensis) in montane Mexico and compared them with Alnus-associated ECM assemblages located elsewhere in the Americas. ECM root samples were collected from four sites in Mexico (two
per host species), identified with ITS and LSU rRNA gene sequences, and assessed using both taxon- (richness, diversity, evenness
indices) and sequence divergence-based (UniFrac clustering and significance) analyses. Only 23 ECM taxa were encountered.
Clavulina, an ECM lineage never before reported with Alnus, contained the dominant taxon overall. ECM assemblage structure varied between hosts, but UniFrac significance tests indicated
that both associated with similar ECM lineage diversity. There was a strikingly high sequence similarity among a diverse array
of the ECM taxa in Mexico and those in Alnus forests in Argentina, the United States, and Europe. The Mexican and United States assemblages had greater overlap than those
present in Argentina, supporting the host–ECM fungi co-migration hypothesis from a common north temperate origin. Our results
indicate that Alnus-associated ECM assemblages have clear patterns in richness and composition across a wide range of geographic locations. Additional
data from boreal western North America as well as the eastern United States and Canada will be particularly informative in
further understanding the co-biogeographic patterns of Alnus and ECM fungi in the Americas. |
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