Molecular phylogeny and evolution of inflorescence types in Eperua |
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| Authors: | Hans ter Steege Elenice A. Fortes Danaë M. A. Rozendaal Roy H. J. Erkens Daniel Sabatier Gerardo Aymard Elza Duijm Marcel Eurlings Felix Grewe Maihyra M. Pombo Vitor F. Gomes Vidal F. de Mansano Sylvia M. de Oliveira |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;2. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil;3. Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, 6700 AK the Netherlands;4. Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616. 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands;5. AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34398 France;6. UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y del Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, estado Portuguesa, 3350 Venezuela;7. Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, 60605-2496 IL, USA;8. Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, 69067-375 AM, Brazil;9. Escola de Negócios Tecnologia e Inovação, Centro Universitário do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil;10. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030 RJ, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Premise The Amazonian hyperdominant genus Eperua (Fabaceae) currently holds 20 described species and has two strongly different inflorescence and flower types, with corresponding different pollination syndrome. The evolution of these vastly different inflorescence types within this genus was unknown and the main topic in this study. Methods We constructed a molecular phylogeny, based on the full nuclear ribosomal DNA and partial plastome, using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods, to test whether the genus is monophyletic, whether all species are monophyletic and if the shift from bat to bee pollination (or vice versa) occurred once in this genus. Results All but two species are well supported by the nuclear ribosomal phylogeny. The plastome phylogeny, however, shows a strong geographic signal suggesting strong local hybridization or chloroplast capture, rendering chloroplast barcodes meaningless in this genus. Conclusions With our data, we cannot fully resolve the backbone of the tree to clarify sister genera relationships and confirm monophyly of the genus Eperua. Within the genus, the shift from bat to bee and bee to bat pollination has occurred several times but, with the bee to bat not always leading to a pendant inflorescence. |
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| Keywords: | Eperua Fabaceae inflorescence morphology molecular phylogeny pollen pollination pollinator shift |
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