The influence of zoo visitors on the behaviour of captive primates |
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| Institution: | 1. Smithgall-Watts Professor Emeritus, Georgia Institute of Technology and Jacksonville Zoo & Gardens, Jacksonville, FL 32218, United States;2. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States;1. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;2. Zoo and Aquarium Association Australasia, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia;1. Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy;1. Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, Psychology, Washington Singer Building, University of Exeter, Perry Road, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK;2. Centre for Research in Applied Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Instituto Literario 100, Centro, 50000 Toluca, Mexico;1. Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;2. Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom;3. Edinburgh Zoo, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, EH12 6TS, United Kingdom;4. Animal Care Sciences, Smithsonian’s National Zoo, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20008, United States;5. During Data Collection: Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QG, United Kingdom;1. Kyoto City Zoo, Okazaki kouen, Okazaki hosshoujicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, 606-8333, Japan;2. Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24, Tanaka-sekiden-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, 606-8203, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Data were collected for four behavioural measures (number of interactions with the audience, number of interactions with cage-mates, levels of locomotory activity, and spatial dispersion in the cage) in 12 different species of primates under 5 audience conditions (no audience, small active groups, large active groups, small passive groups and large passive groups) in an attempt to quantify the effects that an audience of zoo visitors have on primates kept in zoos. The animals attempted to interact with audiences in all audience conditions, but significantly more behaviours were directed at active than at passive audiences, particularly if the active audience was large. The presence of the public appeared to have no significant effect overall on the frequency of interactions between primates in the same group. However, locomotory activity was significantly increased in animals confronted with both large and small active audiences, and there was also an indication that animals spent more time at the front of the cage when a large active audience was present. It was concluded that zoo primates do not habituate completely to the presence of the public, nor do they ignore them. On the contrary, the mere presence of zoo visitors influences primate behaviour to a greater extent than has previously been thought. |
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