佛坪自然保护区6种有蹄动物的活动痕迹监测

野生动物监测在保护管理自然资源以确保可持续利用上占有关键地位.然而,我国对大型哺乳动物的长期监测基本尚未纳入常规.佛坪自然保护区自20世纪90年代中期就大熊猫等珍稀动物及其栖息环境展开了长期监测.以该保护区2000～2006年监测数据为基础,探讨了该地有蹄类动物(除扭角羚外)的资源动态及在生境因子利用上的差异.结果表明该保护区内有蹄类动物资源在不同区域的分布并不均衡,以三官庙区域的痕迹密度最高而以龙潭区域为最低.监测期间有蹄类动物资源呈现出逐步下降的趋势.物种两两之间在海拔、坡度等生境因子的利用上大多存在显著差异,表现出不同的微生境利用模式.最后就监测对象的确定以及监测方法的选择进行了探讨,该保护区所采用的监测方法较为科学有效.

Population dynamics of ungulates and comparison of their selected habitats in Foping Nature Reserve,China

Monitoring plays a crucial role in managing natural resources to ensure sustainable use. In some western developed countries, it has become essential to conserve threatened species or biodiversity. But in China, long-term monitoring of large mammal species has not been often conducted, and reports on wild animal population trends through regular monitoring are especially rare. The Foping National Nature Reserve is an exception, where regular monitoring of wildlife populations (for example, for the giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and their inhabited habitats were carried out since middle 90s last century. Based on 2000-2006 monitoring data collected by the staff in Foping Nature Reserve, we preliminarily analyzed population dynamics of ungulates (not including Budorcas taxicolor), and made a comparison of their selected habitat factors. The results indicated that these ungulates were not distributed equally in different ranges of the reserve, with the highest trace density in Sanguanmiao range and the lowest in Longtan range. The trace density totally exhibited a gradually decrease trend since 2001, perhaps implying the corresponding decreases in ungulate resources. Among the selected five ungulates, most exhibited a distinct utilization pattern in environmental factors (e.g. elevation and slope), contributing to their coexistence in sympatry. We made a further discussion about selection of monitored objects and methods for biodiversity conservation in the end, and recommended that the methods selected in Foping Nature Reserve were basically feasible and effective.