陕西神木木柱柱梁遗址动物遗存研究

对2011年陕北神木木柱柱梁龙山晚期遗址出土的大量动物遗存,按照出土单位对所有的动物骨骼进行了分类、测量和鉴定。总共鉴定出脊椎动物27个种属,包括鳖、鸟类、褐家鼠、中华鼢鼠、蒙古兔、狐、貉、狼、狗、虎、黄鼬、狗獾、野猪和家猪、奥氏马、野驴、骆驼、鹿类、黄牛、山羊、绵羊、鹅喉羚。特别是发现了目前时代偏晚偏南的马科动物绝灭种Equus(Sussemionus) ovodovi, 根据对出土动物骨骼的分析结果表明：遗址周围的自然景观以草原为主,不远处有一定面积的森林、疏林、灌丛及沙漠的自然景观。从先民对动物资源的利用以羊为主情况可见他们以畜牧业经济为主,同时从事农业和狩猎采集。

Research on the faunal remains from Muzhuzhuliang Site in Shenmu city Shaanxi Province

This article focuses on the identification and further analysis of the faunal remains unearthed from the Muzhuzhuliang site at Shenmu city in Shaanxi Province in 2011. All these faunal remains were collected scientifically according to the archaeological units and were carefully classified, measured and identified. The results of sorting and analysis of these remains indicate that there are at least 26 species including Pelodiscus sp., Accipiter sp., Aquila sp., pheasants, owl, Myospalax fontanieri, Rattus norvegicus, rabbits, foxes, wolf, dogs, raccoon dog, tiger, yellow weasel, badger, Equus ovodovi, wild ass, wild pigs, domestic pigs, camels, red deers, roe deer, cattles, Gazella subgutturosa, goat and sheep. In particular, the discovery of Equus ovodovi, the latest extinct species of equidae. In particular, they found Equus, an extinct equine species that is late and southward in the present era. The analysis of these faunal remains indicates that the large-scale grasslands and some forest present around the site. They depended on animal husbandry for their livelihood, at the same time, farming and hunting were engaged.