Hypoglycemic effect of crude exopolysaccharides produced by a medicinal mushroom Phellinus baumii in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The antidiabetic effect of the crude exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced from submerged mycelial culture of Phellinus baumii in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was investigated. The produced EPS consisted of two different heteropolysaccharides and two proteoglycans. The food intake of the diabetic control rats (STZ) was increased by 28.1%, whereas body weight gain was reduced by 44.1% as compared to the nondiabetic animals (NC). The plasma glucose level in the EPS-fed rats (EPS) was substantially reduced by 52.3% as compared to the diabetic rats (STZ), which is the highest hypoglycemic effect among mushroom-derived materials documented in literature. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and asparate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly decreased by administration of P. baumii EPS, thereby exhibiting a remedial role in liver function. The significant increase in weights of liver, spleen, and kidney was observed in diabetic groups (both STZ and EPS) compared to NC. The results suggest that orally administrated P. baumii EPS exhibited considerable hypoglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats and that these EPS may be useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.