基于基尼系数的生态系统服务供需均衡研究——以广东省为例

生态系统服务供需研究尚不成熟，亟需建立一套适用于多数区域而数据要求不高的供需评价方法，因此，以广东省地级市为研究单元，以生态系统服务价值表征生态系统服务供给量，根据对生态系统服务的消耗量或期望获得量核算生态系统服务需求量，提出了一种基于基尼系数识别区域内各类生态系统服务供需状态，并据此评估各城市生态系统服务供需均衡状态的方法。研究结果表明：①广东省生态系统的水源涵养服务基尼系数为0.135，大部分地级市的供需系数位于0.75-1.25之间，整体空间供需高度均衡；食物生产、原材料生产和保持土壤服务基尼系数在0.293-0.423之间，供需系数东高西低，有一定程度的空间不均衡但在合理范围内；而气体调节和废物处理服务供需基尼系数大于0.6，在空间上出现两极分化；②广东省综合生态系统服务基尼系数为0.332，处于合理范围内，基于此，将城市按供需均衡状态分为低供给高需求、供需相对均衡和高供给低需求三类，处于不同状态的城市需要根据不同的策略对生态系统服务供需关系进行调整，维护区域生态安全。本研究可以为促进广东省及其他区域城市可持续发展，加快建设生态文明提供决策指引。

Research on supply and demand equilibrium of ecosystem services in Guangdong Province based on the gini coefficient

Research on the supply and demand of ecosystem services is still in its early stages, and a set of supply and demand evaluation methods that have region-wide suitability and low data requirements is urgently needed. Given this situation, the present study took prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province as research units, estimated the ecosystem service demand based on the consumption or desired amount of ecosystem services and calculated the ecosystem service supply based on the value of ecosystem services per unit land area. A method to recognize the regional balance between the supply and demand of ecosystem services based on the Gini coefficient was further proposed. The results showed that the water conservation service in Guangdong had a Gini coefficient of 0.135, suggesting a relatively even spatial distribution; the food production, material production, and soil maintenance ecosystem services had Gini coefficients between 0.293 and 0.423, indicating that their distributions were spatially uneven to some extent but reasonable; the atmosphere regulation and waste disposal services had Gini coefficients above 0.6, representing spatial polarity between supply and demand. The ecosystem service synthetical supply-demand coefficients of Guangdong Province was 0.332 and the cities can be classified according to their equilibrium states of supply and demand into 3 categories: low supply-high demand, relative balance between supply and demand, and high supply-low demand. Low supply-high demand cities can make full use of economic and technological advantages to change the condition of having less supply and greater demand for ecosystem services and reduce ecological risks; cities in which there is a relative balance between supply and demand can improve targeted protection of ecosystem service supplies and pay close attention to changes in supply and demand; and high supply-low demand cities can increase their demand for ecosystem services appropriately on the premise of ensuring ecological security, so as to effectively utilize the supply of ecosystem services. This study provides decision-making guidance for promoting the sustainable development of cities in Guangdong Province and other regions, and for accelerating the development of ecological civilizations.