生态系统服务网及其生态学意义

生态系统服务概念的提出将人类福祉与生态环境更直接地联系起来，有助于认识和解决发展与保护的难题。从生态系统服务网络的视角出发，可以更好的理解生态系统服务供给、流动和需求等相关复杂问题。（1）生态系统服务网将不同生态过程与服务有机联系起来，为生态系统服务交互研究提供参考。（2）不同尺度下生态系统服务间的交互作用以及自然-社会的互动是网络体系的重要组成部分，按服务网络间联系方式可以划分为网状层次、关系模块和对象模块。（3）生态系统服务在生物、生境网络中形成，受自然因素和人为因素的双重影响，服务网络间的联系与转化受生态系统服务流和网络关系的制约。（4）景观异质性、生物多样性和生态循环分别是生态系统服务网络形成的基础、核心和形成机制。（5）生态系统服务网络便于生态系统服务价值评估、空间制图，是提高人类对环境认知的重要手段。（6）人类福祉与生态系统服务间的非线性关系适宜用网络来表达，景观优化实质上是生态系统服务网调控的动态过程。

Ecosystem service network and its ecology significance

The concept of ecosystem services (ES) is more directly related to human welfare and ecological environment, which helps to understand and solve the problems of development and protection. From the network perspective, ES related issues such as supply, flow and demand could be understood much better. Firstly, ecosystem service network (ESN) links different ecological processes and services, providing reference for the study of ecosystem services interaction. Secondly, different scales of interaction between ES and interaction between nature and society play an important part of the network system. The network is divided into different layers according to the differences of the function and nature. Thirdly, ES from life and habitat are formed in the network, which are affected by both natural and human factors, the relationship between service network and the transformation of the restriction of the ecosystem service flow (ESF) and network structure. Fourthly, biodiversity and ecosystem circulation of landscape heterogeneity are the core of ESN forms. Fifthly, ESN could facilitate ES value assessment, space mapping, and also could improve the important means of human''s cognition to the environment. Human welfare and the nonlinear relationship between ES can be expressed by the network. Landscape optimization is essential for the perfection of ES, and also helps them for their stability in a dynamic process.