山西省阳泉矿区农户可持续生计研究

矿产资源的开发，在支撑社会经济发展的同时，造成了区域资源和生态环境的改变，极大影响农户的生计方式和生活环境。基于高分辨率遥感影像分析了山西省阳泉矿区典型村庄煤矿开采前后的土地利用变化，基于可持续生计框架（Sustainable Livelihoods Framework，SLF）和参与式农村评估法（Participatory Rural Appraisal，PRA），研究了矿区农户的生计动态及不同类型失地农户的生计可持续能力。结果表明：1）煤矿开采改变了村庄土地利用格局。耕地大面积减少，由占区域面积69.72%降为29.42%；工矿用地大幅度增加，由占区域面积7.51%增为25.01%；农村建设用地、林地、草地和水域均有不同程度的增加。2）农户的资本组合及生计方式随着煤矿开采呈现相应的动态变化，农户逐渐呈现兼业特性；不同类型失地农户的生计资本存在显著性差异。3）生计资本结构的不同造成农户生计可持续发展能力不平等，生计资本累计值越大，农户的生计可持续性越强。矿区农户生计的研究为促进农户生计资本合理配置、缓解矿区企业与农户利益冲突提供了科学依据。

Sustainable livelihood of farmers in Yangquan mining area of Shanxi Province

The coal mining activities can support the regional economic development and social life, while negatively impact the regional eco-environment, which has greatly affected local livelihoods of farmers. This paper interpreted the changes of land use/land cover (LUCC) of typical villages in Yangquan mining area before and after coal mining based on high-resolution remote sensing image. The land-lost farmers of the villages were interviewed to evaluate the livelihood dynamics and the livelihood capitals among different types of land-lost farmers based on the sustainable livelihood framework (SLF) and the participatory rural appraisal (PRA). The results showed that: 1) coal mining has changed the LUCC of villages. The cropland has decreased sharply from 69.72% to 29.42%; Industrial and mining land has increased significantly from 7.51% to 25.01%; Rural construction land, forestland, grassland and water area increased respectively. 2) The farmers'' livelihood has changed with the development of coal mining. Farmers'' diversified economy was an important feature in coalmine area. The livelihood capitals were significantly different among different types of land-lost farmers. 3) Different livelihood capital structure resulted in unequal livelihood sustainable development ability of farmers. The higher the aggregate value of livelihood capital, the stronger the sustainability of farmers'' livelihood. The research on farmers'' livelihood in mining communities provides scientific basis for promoting the rational allocation of farmers'' livelihood capital and improving the relationship between mining enterprises and farmers.