生态系统生态服务的供应与消耗平衡关系分析

目前对生态服务功能价值的研究主要集中在自然生态系统的供应方面，而对人工生态系统，尤其是建设用地系统对生态服务价值的消费或影响重视不够。在Costanza全球生态服务价值研究成果基础上，采用替代成本法、防治成本法、影子价格法等多种间接市场方法给出人工生态系统对生态服务消费或影响的估算方法，并结合江苏省太仓市的应用实例，研究其生态系统服务1996—2003不同年度变化的供应及消费情况，并在此基础上分析生态服务的平衡状况，结果显示，1996-2001年间生态服务基本保持平衡，2001年后生态净服务（供需相抵后的生态服务）呈急剧下降之势，建议在今后的社会经济活动中应适量降低活动强度，尽量维持区域生态服务的平衡。不单单分析生态服务的供应状况，而是从整个生态系统生态服务的平衡着手，有利于引导人类的社会活动向维护生态服务的方向进行。

Analysis on the balance between supply and consumption of ecosystem services

At present,research on the function and values of the ecosystem services has been focused on natural ecosystem,but as to manual ecosystem,especially construction land ones,those "consumptions" of and impacts on values of ecosystem services are not stressed enough.Based on parts of Costanza's results of ecosystem services value,this paper applied some indirect market means such as Substitution Cost,Prevention Cost,Shadow Price etc.to induce estimation methods of "consumptions" of and/or impacts on values of ecosystem services from manual ecosystem.By taking Taicang county in Jiangsu province as an application example,and identifying the functions of ecosystem services within this zone,and calculating the values of ecosystem services and consumption and / or impacts from constructional ecosystem through different years in the whole region,the balance of ecosystem services was analyzed.The results indicate that those ecosystem services from 1996 till 2001 kept basically their balances,but the pure ecosystem services(i.e.the ones after supply-requirement balance out) show toboggan tendency after 2001.It is advised that density of socioeconomic activities should be reduced in order to keep the regional ecosystem services in balance.Eco-service values represent theoretical levels of eco-service value,and can not show the changes of the ecosystem as a result of outside influences,in order to maintain the ecosystem balance with socioeconomic activities,we must simultaneously take the balance between supply of ecosystem services from nature and the degree and size of influences on ecosystem by human activities on the constructional land.