狭义蛇葡萄属东亚支系的系统发生与生物地理演化

狭义蛇葡萄属(Ampelopsis s. str.)是葡萄科的落叶木质藤本植物，主要分布在北半球温带地区，特别是东亚为其重要的分布和演化中心。该研究选取了狭义蛇葡萄属15个种的37个样本，对其5个叶绿体基因片段(trnL F、rps16、psbA trnH、atpB rbcL和trnK petN)和2个核基因标记(ITS和GAI1)进行了分子测序；利用测序获得的分子数据探讨属内的系统发生关系，叶的性状演化以及生物地理起源演化。结果表明：(1)狭义蛇葡萄属是一个单系类群，属内东亚地区的物种聚成一支。(2)叶绿体基因数据分析结果表明，狭义蛇葡萄属东亚支系分为两支系，这两支系的分布范围大致与东亚植物区系的中国 日本森林和中国 喜马拉雅森林亚区范围相一致。(3)形态演化分析表明，掌状复叶为祖征，叶形态性状存在多次的独立起源和演化，其变化与系统进化没有明显的关系。(4)生物地理分析结果表明，狭义蛇葡萄属起源于北美，渐新世晚期至中新世早期迁移扩散至欧洲，中新世中期随着全球气温回暖迁移至东亚，并进一步在东亚地区快速分化形成多样化中心，这可能与中新世时期的气候温暖、受第四纪冰川影响较少以及东亚地区复杂的地形地貌有关。

Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Evolution of Ampelopsis s. str. (Vitaceae, Ampelopsideae) in East Asia

Ampelopsis s. str. is a genus of deciduous vines from the grapevine family Vitaceae. It is mainly distributed in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere with a high species richness in east Asia.In this study, 37 samples from 15 species of Ampelopsis s. str. were sequenced using 5 chloroplast (trnL F, rps16, psbA trnH, atpB rbcl, and trnK petN) and 2 nuclear markers (ITS and GAI1) for exploring the phylogenetic relationships within the genus, the evolution of leaf traits, and the evolution of biogeographic.The results showed that: (1) supported the monophyly of the genus and all species from eastern Asia form a clade with high support values. (2) Chloroplast results revealed that the eastern Asian lineage is divided into two clades, largely consistent with the geographic pattern of the Sino Japanese and Sino Himalayan subregions of the eastern Asian flora. (3) The morphological evolution analysis showed that palmate compound leaf was the ancestral characteristic, and the morphological characters of leaf had independent origin and evolution for many times. (4) The Ampelopsis s. str. was suggested to be most likely originated in North America with migration to the Europe in the late Oligocene to early Miocene via the North Atlantic Land Bridge, followed with spread to eastern Asia in the middle Miocene. Ampelopsis s. str. was well diversified in eastern Asia, probably resulted from the warm climate in the middle Miocene, less impact of the Quaternary glaciation and the complex topography of eastern Asia.