Occurrence of C3 and C4 photosynthesis in cotyledons and leaves of Salsola species (Chenopodiaceae) |
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Authors: | Pyankov Vladimir I Voznesenskaya Elena V Kuz'min Alexander N Ku Maurice S B Ganko Eric Franceschi Vincent R Black Clanton C Edwards Gerald E |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Plant Physiology, Urals State University, Lenin Avenue 51, 620083 Ekaterinburg, Russia;(2) Anatomy and Morphology Department, Komarov Botanical Institute, RAS, Prof. Popov Street 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;(3) Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142292 Puschino, Moscow Region, Russia;(4) School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA;(5) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA |
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Abstract: | Most species of the genus Salsola (Chenopodiaceae) that have been examined exhibit C4 photosynthesis in leaves. Four Salsola species from Central Asia were investigated in this study to determine the structural and functional relationships in photosynthesis of cotyledons compared to leaves, using anatomical (Kranz versus non-Kranz anatomy, chloroplast ultrastructure) and biochemical (activities of photosynthetic enzymes of the C3 and C4 pathways, 14C labeling of primary photosynthesis products and 13C/12C carbon isotope fractionation) criteria. The species included S. paulsenii from section Salsola, S. richteri from section Coccosalsola, S. laricina from section Caroxylon, and S. gemmascens from section Malpigipila. The results show that all four species have a C4 type of photosynthesis in leaves with a Salsoloid type Kranz anatomy, whereas both C3 and C4 types of photosynthesis were found in cotyledons. S. paulsenii and S. richteri have NADP- (NADP-ME) C4 type biochemistry with Salsoloid Kranz anatomy in both leaves and cotyledons. In S. laricina, both cotyledons and leaves have NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) C4 type photosynthesis; however, while the leaves have Salsoloid type Kranz anatomy, cotyledons have Atriplicoid type Kranz anatomy. In S. gemmascens, cotyledons exhibit C3 type photosynthesis, while leaves perform NAD-ME type photosynthesis. Since the four species studied belong to different Salsola sections, this suggests that differences in photosynthetic types of leaves and cotyledons may be used as a basis or studies of the origin and evolution of C4 photosynthesis in the family Chenopodiaceae.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | anatomy C3 and C4 photosynthesis Chenopodiaceae cotyledon deserts evolution leaf Salsola |
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