欧报春二型花柱的繁育特性研究

二型花柱植物通常具有自交不亲和性,在不同植物中所表现的可育性不同。欧报春(Primula vulgaris)是典型的二型花柱植物,为了探究欧报春的繁育特性,通过温室栽培,对欧报春的长花柱和短花柱的花部特征、花粉和花柱形态、花粉活力、柱头可授性、花粉/胚珠比、杂交指数、杂交亲和性、花粉管观察进行研究。结果表明,(1)长花柱和短花柱的花冠直径、花冠筒长度、柱头高度、花药高度和花筒中部直径均表现出两型性;(2)花粉和柱头观察发现花粉极轴长、花粉赤道轴长、花柱直径、柱头乳突细胞和花粉数量均有差异;(3)长花柱的花粉/胚珠比为384.20,短花柱为369.70,属于兼性异交类型;长花柱和短花柱的花粉活力和柱头可授性能在较长时间内维持较高活力;(4)长花柱杂交指数值为5,短花柱为4,表明繁育系统类型为异交,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者;6种授粉组合均能结实,异型花间授粉的结实数明显高于同型自花授粉和异株同型授粉;短花柱为母本的异型花间授粉组合亲和性优于其他组合;欧报春存在自交不亲和性,长花柱的自交不亲和性低于短花柱。

Research on the reproductive characteristics of the distyly of Primula vulgarisLiuLiu ,LiuYan ,LiJinFeng,ZhangLu, ZhangXiaoMan(Agricultural University of Hebei,BaoDing 071000)

In order to investigate the breeding characteristics of Primula vulgaris, the floral characteristics, pollen and style morphology, pollen vigor, stigma fertility, pollen/ovule ratio, hybridization index, hybridization affinity, and pollen tube observation of pin and thrum of Primula vulgaris were investigated through greenhouse cultivation. The results showed that:(1) The corolla diameter, corolla tube length, stigma height, anther height, and mid-tube diameter of long and short styles showed amphidiploidy. (2) Pollen and stigma observations revealed differences in pollen polar axis length, pollen equatorial axis length, stigma diameter, stigma papilla cells, and pollen counts. (3) Pollen/ovule ratios of the long styles were 384.20, and those of the short styles, 369.70. It belonged to the type of parthenocarpic heterosis; the pollen viability and stigma pollinability of long and short styles maintained high viability for a longer period of time. (4) The value of hybridization index of the long styles was 5, and that of the short styles was 4, which indicated that the type of the breeding system was heterozygous, with partial autogamous affinities, and pollinators were needed; the six pollination combinations were all able to set fruit, and the number of fruits of heterozygous interflower pollination was significantly higher than that of homozygous self-pollination and heterozygous homozygous pollination; the short styles were the The affinity of heterotypic interflowers pollination combination with short styles as the mother was better than the other combinations; self-incompatibility existed in P. europaea, and the self-incompatibility of long styles was lower than that of short styles.