Analysis of phase detects altered timing of muscle activation in subjects with chronic shoulder pain |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2000, NSW, Australia;2. School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, PO Box 968, North Sydney, NSW 2059, Australia;3. School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia;1. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States;2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States;3. Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States;1. School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;2. School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;3. Biomedical Sciences Department, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Italy;1. Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sports University, Cologne, Germany;2. Faculty of Medical Engineering and Technomathematics, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Aachen, Germany;1. Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil;2. Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, Av. da Universidade, Anchieta, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo 09606-045, Brazil;1. Exercise Physiology and Physical Assessment Laboratory, Serra Gaúcha University Center, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil;2. Department of Physical Therapy, Integrated Colleges of Taquara, Taquara, RS, Brazil;3. Exercise Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;4. Physique Physiotherapy Center, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Optimal exercise therapy for shoulder pain is unknown due to limited information regarding specific changes in muscle function associated with pain. Timing of muscle activity with respect to movement (phase) can provide information about muscle activation patterns without requiring electromyography data normalization which is problematic in the presence of pain. The aim of this study was to determine if a phase measure is able to detect differences in the timing of shoulder muscle activation in subjects with chronic shoulder pain. Fourteen subjects with pain and 14 without pain were recruited. Electromyography from eight shoulder muscles was recorded. Approximately 20 cycles of small amplitude (∼30°) rapid shoulder flexion/extension was performed. A cross-correlation and spectrographic analysis provided a measure of phase. Welch’s t-tests were used to compare mean phase angles between groups. Subjects with chronic shoulder pain had greater variability in the relative timing of muscle activation with significant differences found in the phase angles for pectoralis major, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior. This preliminary study indicates that the examination of the timing of muscle activation using a phase measure can identify significant differences in muscle function between normal subjects and those with chronic shoulder pain. |
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| Keywords: | Shoulder Electromyography Rotator cuff Shoulder muscles Shoulder pain |
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