Multi-scale gene regulation mechanism: Spatiotemporal transmission of genetic information |
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Affiliation: | 1. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;3. Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China |
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Abstract: | Gene expression is regulated by many factors, including transcription factors, chromatin three-dimensional topology, modifications of DNA and histone proteins, and non-coding RNAs. The execution of these complex mechanisms requires an effectively coordinated regulation system. In this review, we emphasize that the multi-scale heterogeneous DNA sequence plays a fundamental and important role for gene expression activity and usage of different means of epigenetic regulation. We illustrate here that the chromatin structure organization provides a stage for spatiotemporal regulation between different genes or gene modules and to realize their downstream functional cooperation. Such a perspective expands our understanding of the central dogma: In addition to one-dimensional sequence information, inter-gene interactions can also be transferred from DNA and RNA to protein levels. |
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