Ratio between 3D glenohumeral and scapulothoracic motions in individuals without shoulder pain |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil;2. Department of Clinical Research, Indian Spinal Injuries Center, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India;1. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States;2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States;3. Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States;1. Department of Occupational Science and Technology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA;2. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA;3. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA;4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA;2. Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA;3. Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;4. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;5. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;1. School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;2. School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;3. Biomedical Sciences Department, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Italy;1. McMaster University, Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;2. University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, Digital Industrial Ergonomics and Shoulder Evaluation Laboratory (DIESEL), Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;3. University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;4. University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Science, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada |
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| Abstract: | This study determined the ratio between glenohumeral and three-dimensional scapular motion during arm elevation and lowering in 91 individuals without shoulder pain. Scapular kinematics were assessed using an electromagnetic tracking device. Individuals performed 3 repetitions of elevation and lowering of the arm in the sagittal plane. Two-way ANOVAs (interval: 30–60°, 60–90°, 90–120° x phase: elevation and lowering) and paired t-tests were used for data analysis. For scapular internal/external rotation, lesser scapular internal rotation contribution was found during the 60–90° interval as compared to the 90–60° interval. Lesser scapular external rotation was identified in the 60–30° interval of arm lowering. The ratio was greater during arm elevation (1.89) compared to lowering (1.74) across the entire motion arc. For scapular upward rotation, greater upward rotation contribution was observed during arm elevation at the 30–60° interval, and less scapular downward rotation contribution in the final range of arm lowering. For scapular tilt, lesser scapular posterior tilt contribution during arm elevation was observed compared to arm lowering. The ratios between glenohumeral elevation/lowering and each individual scapulothoracic motion showed either differences between intervals and/or between elevation and lowering during specific intervals in healthy individuals. |
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| Keywords: | 3D analysis Biomechanics Humeral motion Kinematics Scapular movement Internal rotation Upward rotation Posterior tilt |
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