Development of mRNA vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA;2. Novavax, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA;4. Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA;1. Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Leiden, The Netherlands;2. Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium;3. Crucell Vaccine Institute, Janssen Center of Excellence for Immunoprophylaxis, Leiden, The Netherlands;1. Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;2. Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;3. Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA;4. Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD, USA;5. Commissioned Corps, US Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA |
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| Abstract: | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus that is the primary etiologic pathogen of bronchitis and pneumonia in infants and the elderly. Currently, no preventative vaccine has been approved for RSV infection. However, advances in the characterization, and structural resolution, of the RSV surface fusion glycoprotein have revolutionized RSV vaccine development by providing a new target for preventive interventions. In general, six different approaches have been adopted in the development of preventative RSV therapeutics, namely, particle-based vaccines, vector-based vaccines, live-attenuated or chimeric vaccines, subunit vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies. Among these preventive interventions, MVA-BN-RSV, RSVpreF3, RSVpreF, Ad26. RSV.preF, nirsevimab, clesrovimab and mRNA-1345 is being tested in phase 3 clinical trials, and displays the most promising in infant or elderly populations. Accompanied by the huge success of mRNA vaccines in COVID-19, mRNA vaccines have been rapidly developed, with many having entered clinical studies, in which they have demonstrated encouraging results and acceptable safety profiles. In fact, Moderna has received FDA approval, granting fast-track designation for an investigational single-dose mRNA-1345 vaccine against RSV in adults over 60 years of age. Hence, mRNA vaccines may represent a new, more successful, chapter in the continued battle to develop effective preventative measures against RSV. This review discusses the structure, life cycle, and brief history of RSV, while also presenting the current advancements in RSV preventatives, with a focus on the latest progress in RSV mRNA vaccine development. Finally, future prospects for this field are presented. |
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| Keywords: | Respiratory syncytial virus MRNA vaccine Fusion protein Prospect |
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