综述与专论: 河鲀毒素的检测技术与应用

河鲀毒素（tetrodotoxin， TTX）是毒性极强的小分子生物碱类毒素，包括中国在内的亚洲沿海国家因误食TTX污染食品而中毒的事件时有发生，其发病迅速且无特效解毒剂，对环境安全、食品安全与社会安全造成极大的威胁。通过检测食品与环境中的TTX含量可以实现TTX的风险预警，可有效防范TTX中毒事件的发生。本文梳理了4类TTX的检测技术，分析比较了传统的生物检测法、化学检测法、免疫检测法之间的优势、不足与实际应用进展，介绍了基于适配体技术的新型检测技术的兴起、发展与广阔的应用前景，对生物安全领域中TTX风险的管理与控制有现实意义。

Review: Detection Technology of Tetrodotoxin and Its Application

The puffer fish has won the hearts of diners because of its rich nutrition and delicious meat. However, tetrodoxin (TTX) is extremely toxic and has stable physical and chemical properties. It is difficult to inactivate it by conventional cooking methods. If it is inadvertently eaten or improperly handled, it can easily lead to poisoning accidents. TTX poses a great threat to ecological security, food safety and public safety. Therefore, rapid, efficient, sensitive and specific detection technology is an important measure to effectively prevent and respond to TTX poisoning incidents. After years of exploration and research, researchers have gradually formed traditional and classic bioassay methods, immunoassay methods and chemical assay methods. These three types of detection methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. According to the actual application scenarios and combined with their detection characteristics, the three types of methods have been used independently or in combination to varying degrees. The difficulty of TTX detection lies in the small content and many interference factors in the sample. The traditional detection methods still have the disadvantages of weak anti-interference ability and insufficient sensitivity. The emergence of aptamers, a new molecular recognition element, has opened up a new path for TTX detection. In particular, the combination of aptamers with biosensor platforms such as fluorescence technology and SERS technology makes it possible to achieve rapid, ultra-sensitive and real-time detection of TTX.