综述与专论: 甾体激素核酸适配体的筛选与应用

核酸适配体作为新型的识别分子,在分析检测领域有极大的潜力。甾体激素是一类以环戊烷多氢菲为母核的激素,包括性激素和皮质激素,在维持生命、调节生理状态等方面有着极其重要的医药价值。监测体内外的甾体激素含量对于疾病监测和环境保护有着重要的意义。甾体激素的适配体筛选是将适配体应用到甾体激素的分析和检测的前提。目前研究者已通过筛选获得了雌激素（如雌二醇（estradiol,E2）、雌酮（estrone,E1））、雄激素（如睾酮（testosterone,TES）、去甲睾酮）、孕激素（如孕酮（progesterone,P4））,以及皮质激素（如皮质醇（cortisol,COR））的核酸适配体。本文总结了上述已报道的甾体激素适配体的筛选原理及策略;对适配体序列、平衡解离常数（equilibrium dissociation constants,K_D）及测定方法等进行了简要归纳;介绍了计算机模拟技术在适配体筛选和优化方面的新思路;对目前开发的各类甾体激素适配体传感器进行简要介绍,以期为后续研究提供参考。

Review: Isolation and Application of Aptamer for Steroid Hormones

Aptamers, as novel recognition molecules, have great potential in the field of analysis and detection. Steroid hormones are a kind of hormones with cyclopentane polyhydrophene as the mother nucleus, including sex hormones and corticosteroids, which have extremely important medical value in maintaining life and regulating physiological state. It is of great significance to monitor the content of steroids in vivo and in vitro for disease monitoring and environmental protection. The aptamer isolation of steroid hormones is the prerequisite for the application of aptamers to the analysis and detection of steroidal hormones. So far researchers have isolated aptamers for estrogens such as estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), androgens such as testosterone (TES) and nortestosterone, and progesterone (P4) and corticosteroids such as cortisol (COR). This paper summarizes the isolation principles and strategies of the reported steroid hormone aptamers. The aptamer sequence, equilibrium dissociation constants (K_D) and determination methods are summarized briefly. The new ideas of computer simulation technology in aptamer isolation and optimization are introduced. The various steroid hormone aptamer sensors developed at present are briefly introduced in order to provide reference for the follow-up research.