活性污泥微型动物种群动态与水质净化效能的关系

2001～2002年，系统地研究了高碑店污水厂四系列曝气池活性污泥中的微型动物种群动态与水质变化的相互关系。在该污水处理系统的四系列曝气池内所发现的122种原生动物中，褶累枝虫(Epistylis plicatilis)、沟钟虫(Vorticella convallaria)、有肋檐纤虫(Aspidisca costata)和半圆表壳虫(Arcella hemisphaerica)是经常大量出现的原生动物种类。冬季褶累枝虫占绝对优势。5月和6月，有肋檐纤虫为活性污泥动物群落的优势种群。纤毛虫和后口动物总数越多，污水净化效能越强，污泥的沉降性越好。游泳类纤毛虫总数与出水BOD5值呈正相关，固着类纤毛虫的多样性值与出水的总氮呈正相关，爬行类纤毛虫的多样性值与出水的硝态氮和出水总磷都呈正相关，与厌氧段总磷呈负相关。研究结果表明，微型动物种群动态规律与污水处理效果关系密切，该厂污水处理系统中四系列的硝化和反硝化显著，活性污泥的运转效能良好，各种主要污染物得到有效净化动物学报49(6)：775～786，2003]。

Relationship between the dynamics of mixed liquor fauna and the efficiency of wastewater purification

In Series Four of Beijing Gaobeidian Wastewater Treatment Plant, the largest wastewater treatment plant in China with the treatment capacity of 1 000 000 tons of wastewater each day, 124 samples were taken during a period of one year and 122 species were identified. Epistylis plicatilis was the most frequently occurring protozoan species and usually appeared in large numbers. Rotifers occurred frequently and in moderate numbers. Other metazoa occurred on occasion and only in small numbers. The statistical analysis of Pearson Correlation was applied to the study of fauna and physico chemical variables in the activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. The diversity index showed negative association with the density of Epistylis plicatilis and Apisica costata. In winter, the diversity index was low since Epistylis plicatilis dominated the fauna structure. From May to June, the index was also low because high density of Aspidisca costata. The metazoa density showed strict positive association with fine sludge settlement. The swimming ciliate density showed positive association with effluent BOD 5 values. The fauna diversity index showed negative association with SS values, and showed strict positive association with nitrate values in the anaerobic part of the tank. The metazoa diversity index showed strict negative association with ammonia values in the effluent, and showed strict positive association with the total nitrogen values in the anaerobic part of the tank. The crawling ciliate diversity index showed strict positive association with nitrate values in the effluent, showed positive association with the total phosphorus values in the effluent, and showed negative association with the total phosphorus values in the anaerobic part of the tank. The attacked ciliate diversity index showed strict positive association with the total nitrogen values in the effluent..