下颌种植覆盖义齿的生物力学研究进展

口腔生物力学是用生物力学的概念和方法，研究口腔医学中的有关基础性科学问题、解决口腔医学中的临床实际问题、发展口腔临床技术的一门学科。在口腔正畸学、修复学、种植学及口腔颌面外科学等领域存在着大量的生物力学问题，生物力学已成为口腔医学的基础科学之一。传统全口义齿修复常常会出现固位稳定差、咀嚼效率低、患者有疼痛感、适应时间长等情况，很大程度上不能满足患者的修复要求。种植覆盖义齿对于下颌牙槽嵴严重吸收的患者，效果尤为明显。种植覆盖义齿是义齿与种植体之间以不同的附着体作为连接，形成患者可以自行摘戴的种植体支持的覆盖义齿修复。下颌种植覆盖义齿因其能有效地提高下半口义齿的固位性和稳定性、显著提高了患者的咀嚼效率，目前已成为修复下颌牙槽骨严重吸收的无牙颌患者的有效修复方法。本文针对下颌种植覆盖义齿的生物力学研究进展作一综述。

Advances of the Biomechanical Study in the Mandibular Implant Overdentures

The fundamental principles and approaches of dental biomechanics have been widely used in basic research, solving clinical problems, developing new appliances and innovative technologies in dentistry.There are many problems in clinical dentistry which could be related with biomechanics, including orthodontics, mandibular plastic surgery,dental restoration and implantation, and so on. Biomechanics now is one of the scientific bases for stomatology. Traditional complete denture has low retention and stability and the patients often have the poor chewing dfficiency ,feel painful and need a long time to adapt. So, they are often unable to meet the patient＇s restorative requirements.Implant-supported overdentures are useful for the treatment of compromised mandibular edentulous patients. Im- plant-supported overdentures are made up of three parts： dentures ,implants and different attachments.The attachments connect dentures and implants ,and form a new kind of overdentures restorations which patients could take and wear easily. Because the mandibular im- plant overdentures have the better retention and stability than the mandibular complete denture and can improve the chewing dfficiency effectively ,they have become an effective method for edentulous patients with alveolar bone severely resorbed.This article reviewed the advances of the biomechanical study in the mandibular implant overdentures.