小檗科鬼臼亚科植物的核型研究

本文首次报道了中华山荷叶与川八角莲的核型，分别为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝８ｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ＋２ｔ及Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）十４ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｔ，核型类型均为ＺＡ型。本文报道的桃儿七及八角莲的核型与前人的结果有一定差异，前者为：Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝６ｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２ｔ，２Ｂ型，后者为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝８ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｔ，为２Ａ型。本文分析了小檗科鬼臼亚科４个属共７种植物的核型，结果是该类植物的核型极为相似，染色体数目均为２ｎ＝１２，由８条ｍ或ｓｍ，２条ｓｔ以及２条ｔ染色体组成。核型的相似性反映了这类植物的亲缘关系，这４个属的植物是一个自然类群。但随着系统发育，核型的不对称性有所增加，其中以山荷叶属最为对称，八角莲属居中，桃儿七属与足叶草属最不对称。笔者认为，核型上的高度相似是该类植物在系统发育上不发达，属内种类稀少，通常为寡种属或单种属的重要原因。

A KARYOTYPIC STUDY ON PODOPHYLLOIDEAE (BERBERIDACEAE)

The karyotypes of Diphylleia sinensis and Dysosma veitchii are reported in this paper forthe first time. The karyotype formula of the former is K(2n) = 12 = 8m(4SAT) 2st 2t, and that forthe latter is K(2n) = 4m(2SAT) 4sm 2st(2SAT) 2t, both belonging to 2A type. The karyotypes ofSinopodophyllum hexandrum and Dysosma versipellis reported in this paper are somewhat differentfrom those in previous reports, i.e. the karyotype formula of the former being K(2n)= 12=6m(4SAT) 2sm 2st 2t, 2B type, and that for the latter being K(2n)= 12= 8m(2SAT) 2st(2SAT) 2t, 2A type. Two pairs of chromosomes are observed with secondary constriction inboth species. Four genera with seven species in the Podophylloideae(Berberidaceae) arecytologically analyzed. The result shows that the karyotypes in all species are quite similar inchromosome mophorlogy and all species have the same chromosome number of 2n= 12. Of the12 chromosomes, 8 chromosomes are m or sin, 2 are st and 2 are t. The similarity of karyotypessuggests that these plants have close relationships, and that the four genera may be a naturalgroup. Among these groups, Diphylleia has the most symmetric karyotype, and Dysosma in themiddle, while Podophyllum and Sinopodophyllum have the most asymmetric karyotype.