Effector protein structures: a tale of evolutionary relationship
Affiliation:
1. Functional Genomics and Complex System Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India;2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India;1. Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Engineering, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada;1. Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;2. Houji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801 Taigu, China;3. Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, China;1. Department of Biotechnology, Dolphin (P.G.) Institute of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Dehradun 248007, India;2. Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13/2 Izhorskaya St, Moscow 125412, Russia;3. Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India;1. College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330045, China;2. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;1. Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l''Agriculture, l''Alimentation, et l''Environnement (INRAE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France;1. Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Laboratory, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India;2. Plant Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India;3. Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India;4. Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36821, México;5. Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, TX 79409, USA;6. Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
Abstract:
Effector proteins are highly diverse, often lacking similarity in their protein sequences, making it challenging to determine their biological function. Using AlphaFold2 (AF2), Seong and Krasileva recently found that effector structures, but not sequences, share commonality. This helps further understanding of effector evolution across fungal species and reveals unique sequence-unrelated, structurally similar, effector families.
