A temporal dilution effect: hantavirus infection in deer mice and the intermittent presence of voles in Montana |
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Authors: | Scott Carver Amy Kuenzi Karoun H Bagamian James N Mills Pierre E Rollin Susanne N Zanto Richard Douglass |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology, Montana Tech of the University of Montana, 1300 Park St, Butte, MT 59701, USA;(2) Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;(3) Population Biology, Ecology and Evolution Program, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;(4) Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA;(5) Public Health Laboratory, Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, Helena, MT 59604, USA |
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Abstract: | The effect of intermittently occurring, non-reservoir host species on pathogen transmission and prevalence in a reservoir
population is poorly understood. We investigated whether voles, Microtus spp., which occur intermittently, influenced estimated standing antibody prevalence (ESAP) to Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV,
Bunyaviridae: Hantavirus) among deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, whose populations are persistent. We used 14 years of data from central Montana to investigate whether ESAP among deer mice
was related to vole presence or abundance while controlling for the relationship between deer mouse abundance and ESAP. We
found a reduction in deer mouse ESAP associated with the presence of voles, independent of vole abundance. A number of studies
have documented that geographic locations which support a higher host diversity can be associated with reductions in pathogen
prevalence by a hypothesized dilution effect. We suggest a dilution effect may also occur in a temporal dimension at sites
where host richness fluctuates. Preservation of host diversity and optimization of environmental conditions which promote
occurrence of ephemeral species, such as voles, may result in a decreased ESAP to hantaviruses among reservoir hosts. Our
results may extend to other zoonotic infectious diseases. |
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