病毒与细胞的微生态学研究进展

微生态学（microecology）是细胞水平或分子水平的生态学，它是研究微生物群的结构和功能，以及微生物与其宿主相互依赖、相互制约关系的科学。病毒（virus）是一种比细菌还要微小和简单的非细胞形态微生物（acellular microorganism），不仅可寄生于动植物体的组织细胞表面或内部，还可寄生于细菌、真菌等微生物内部。作为宿主以及细胞内的寄生体，病毒除引起宿主多种类型的感染外，还可参与宿主组织细胞的微生态系的组成，赋予细胞干扰相关病毒增殖与复制、抵抗特定病毒感染感染的作用，并能引起宿主细胞产生特定毒素、获得新抗原性等改变。本研究通过微生态学角度，对病毒与细胞的相互关系及病毒与细胞微生态学在医学上的作用作一综述。

Advances in micro-ecological researches on viruses and cells

Micro-ecology is the study on the structure and function of microorganisms and the interrelationship between them and the hosts at the cellular or molecular levels of the ecosystem. Viruses have a non-microbial morphology （acellular）, and are smaller and simpler than bacteria. They normally parasitize not only the surface （or inside） of animal and plant cells, but also of bacteria, fungi and other larger microbes. They cause various types of infections and participate in the host tissue cell microecosystem. The replication and proliferation of one virus can induce virus-specific resistance effect against other viruses, and cause the host cell to produce specific toxins resulting in new antigenic determinants. From this micro-ecological perspective, we reviewed the relationship between viruses and cells and the impact of the virus-cell micro-ecology in medicine.