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南极恩克斯堡岛土壤中可培养细菌多样性
引用本文:张雨欣,罗玮,俞勇,曾胤新,赵文玉,李会荣.南极恩克斯堡岛土壤中可培养细菌多样性[J].微生物学通报,2020,47(6):1709-1720.
作者姓名:张雨欣  罗玮  俞勇  曾胤新  赵文玉  李会荣
作者单位:1 大理大学药学与化学学院 云南 大理 671000;2 自然资源部中国极地研究中心 上海 200136;3 长沙理工大学化学与食品工程学院 湖南 长沙 410114
基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1406903);国家自然科学基金(91851201);湖南省重点研发计划(2018SK2011)
摘    要:【背景】南极地区环境苛刻植被稀少,无冰区面积约占其总面积的0.4%,但是土壤中存在着丰富的微生物群落,对于极地微生物资源仍需要进一步挖掘。【目的】获得南极恩克斯堡岛土壤中可培养细菌多样性信息。【方法】对来源于南极恩克斯堡岛的5个土壤样品采用直接涂布、微好氧富集和有氧富集后涂布3种方法进行细菌分离培养。【结果】共获得144株可培养细菌,分布于5门30个属。这些菌株来自变形菌门(Proteobacteria,38.9%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,34.0%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,22.2%)、异常球菌-栖热菌门(Deinococcus-Thermus,3.5%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,1.4%)等。不同土壤样品中可培养细菌多样性存在差异。企鹅粪土中Bacillus是主要属类;Pseudomonas、Streptomyces在植被覆盖区土壤中是优势菌属;Psychrobacter在湖水边土壤中是优势属类,Flavobacterium、Chryseobacterium仅从该样品中分离得到;放线菌门类在干燥土壤样中占优势,Pseudarthrobacter、Rhodococcus、Microbacterium等属仅从这类干燥样品中分离出。经16S rRNA基因序列对比发现,有2株菌为潜在新种。【结论】南极恩克斯堡岛土壤中存在可开发利用的菌种资源,本文为研究该地细菌多样性提供一定的基础数据。

关 键 词:可培养,细菌多样性,分离,南极

Culturable bacterial diversity in soils of Inexpressible Island, Antarctica
ZHANG Yu-Xin,LUO Wei,YU Yong,ZENG Yin-Xin,ZHAO Wen-Yu,LI Hui-Rong.Culturable bacterial diversity in soils of Inexpressible Island, Antarctica[J].Microbiology,2020,47(6):1709-1720.
Authors:ZHANG Yu-Xin  LUO Wei  YU Yong  ZENG Yin-Xin  ZHAO Wen-Yu  LI Hui-Rong
Institution:1 College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China;2 Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China;3 School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China
Abstract:Background] The environment in Antarctic is harsh and few plants coverage. The ice-free area only accounts for 0.4% of the total area, but accompanied with abundant microbial communities in the soil. Polar microbial resources need to be further explored. Objective] This study was to obtain information on the diversity of culturable bacteria in soils from Inexpressible Island, Antarctica. Methods] We isolated bacteria in the five soil samples from Inexpressible Island, Antarctica. Three different cultivation methods were applied, including directly spreading, microaerobic enrichment and aerobic enrichment method. Results] A total of 144 culturable bacteria were obtained. These culturable bacteria belonged to 30 genera, and divided into 5 phyla, which consisted of Proteobacteria (38.9%), Actinobacteria (34.0%), Firmicutes (22.2%), Deinococcus-Thermus (3.5%) and Bacteroidetes (1.4%). Diversity of culturable bacteria in different soil samples was different. Bacillus dominated in soil from Penguin activity area. Pseudomonas and Streptomyces dominated in soil from mosses and lichens coverage area. Psychrobacter dominated in lakeside soil, with Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium were isolated only in this sample. Actinobacteria were dominant in dry soils, such as Pseudarthrobacter, Rhodococcus and Microbacterium were isolated only from dry soil samples. It was suggested that 2 isolates were found to be potential novel species for their low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Conclusion] There are exploitable bacterial resources in the soil of Inexpressible Island, Antarctica. This paper also provides some basic data for the study of bacterial diversity in this area.
Keywords:Culturable  Bacterial diversity  Isolation  Antarctica
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