Genetic Population Structure of Chum Salmon in the Pacific Rim Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation |
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Authors: | Shunpei Sato Hiroyuki Kojima Junko Ando Hironori Ando Richard L. Wilmot Lisa W. Seeb Vladimir Efremov Larry LeClair Wally Buchholz Deuk-Hee Jin Shigehiko Urawa Masahide Kaeriyama Akihisa Urano Syuiti Abe |
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Affiliation: | 1. Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan 2. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hokkaido Tokai University, Sapporo, 005-8601, Japan 3. Auke Bay Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Juneau, U.S.A. 4. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, U.S.A. 5. Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok, Russia 6. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, U.S.A. 7. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, U.S.A. 8. Kangnung National University, Kangnung, Korea 9. Salmon Resources Center, Sapporo, 062-0922, Japan 10. Field Science Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0811, Japan 11. Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics, Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan 12. Laboratory of Breeding Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
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Abstract: | We examined the genetic population structure of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, in the Pacific Rim using mitochondrial (mt) DNA analysis. Nucleotide sequence analysis of about 500 bp in the variable portion of the 5′ end of the mtDNA control region revealed 20 variable nucleotide sites, which defined 30 haplotypes of three genealogical clades (A, B, and C), in more than 2,100 individuals of 48 populations from Japan (16), Korea (1), Russia (10), and North America (21 from Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington). The observed haplotypes were mostly associated with geographic regions, in that clade A and C haplotypes characterized Asian populations and clade B haplotypes distinguished North American populations. The haplotype diversity was highest in the Japanese populations, suggesting a greater genetic variation in the populations of Japan than those of Russia and North America. The analysis of molecular variance and contingency χ2 tests demonstrated strong structuring among the three geographic groups of populations and weak to moderate structuring within Japanese and North American populations. These results suggest that the observed geographic pattern might be influenced primarily by historic expansions or colonizations and secondarily by low or restricted gene flow between local groups within regions. In addition to the analysis of population structure, mtDNA data may be useful for constructing a baseline for stock identification of mixed populations of high seas chum salmon. |
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