Extracellular traps are associated with human and mouse neutrophil and macrophage mediated killing of larval Strongyloides stercoralis |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;2. Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;1. Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation;2. Group of Molecular Biotechnology, Federal State Institution “Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 33-2 Leninsky pr., Moscow 119071, Russian Federation;1. Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain;2. Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany;1. Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387 Krakow, Poland;2. Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Dept of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany;2. Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, UK |
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| Abstract: | Neutrophils are multifaceted cells that are often the immune system's first line of defense. Human and murine cells release extracellular DNA traps (ETs) in response to several pathogens and diseases. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is crucial to trapping and killing extracellular pathogens. Aside from neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils also release ETs. We hypothesized that ETs serve as a mechanism of ensnaring the large and highly motile helminth parasite Strongyloides stercoralis thereby providing a static target for the immune response. We demonstrated that S. stercoralis larvae trigger the release of ETs by human neutrophils and macrophages. Analysis of NETs revealed that NETs trapped but did not kill larvae. Induction of NETs was essential for larval killing by human but not murine neutrophils and macrophages in vitro. In mice, extracellular traps were induced following infection with S. stercoralis larvae and were present in the microenvironment of worms being killed in vivo. These findings demonstrate that NETs ensnare the parasite facilitating larval killing by cells of the immune system. |
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| Keywords: | Neutrophils Extracellular traps NET Mice Human |
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