Role of DNA/RNA sensors and contribution to autoimmunity |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain;2. Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain;3. Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland;1. National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;2. National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China;1. Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;2. Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL – FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain;3. Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain;4. Department of Pharmacology, University Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain;5. Hematology Service, General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain;6. Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;7. Department of Clinical Medicine, University Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Innate immune detection and subsequent immune responses rely on the initial recognition of pathogen specific molecular motifs. Foreign nucleic acids are key structures recognised by the immune system, recognition of which occurs mainly through the use of nucleic acid receptors including members of the Toll-like receptors, AIM2-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors and intracellular DNA receptors. While the immune system is critically important in protecting the host from infection, it is of utmost importance that it is tightly regulated, in order to prevent recognition of self-nucleic acids and the subsequent development of autoimmunity. Defects in the mechanisms regulating such pathways, for example mutations in endonucleases that clear DNA, altered expression of nucleic acid sensors and defects in negative regulators of these signalling pathways involved in RNA/DNA sensing, have all been implicated in promoting the generation of autoimmune responses. This evidence, as reviewed here, suggests that novel therapeutics targeting these sensors and their downstream pathways may be of use in the treatment of patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren's syndrome. |
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| Keywords: | Innate immunity Nucleic acid detection Autoimmunity SLE and TRIM proteins |
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