Variation in reproduction and growth in declining Scots pine populations |
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| Affiliation: | 1. CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain;2. Univ Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain;3. School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK;1. Dpto. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain;2. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;3. Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, (IPE–CSIC). Avda. Montañana, 1005. 50192 Zaragoza, Spain;4. Wood and Forest Technology Research Centre (CETEMAS) Finca Experimental La Mata s/n, 33825 Grado – Asturias, Spain;5. Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, Science Building, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;6. Laboratory for Dendrogeomorphology, Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Berne, Baltzerstrasse, 1-33012 Berne, Switzerland;7. University of Geneva, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Chair for Climate Change and Climate Impacts,7 chemin de Drize, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland;8. Research and Training Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucía, Camino de Purchil s/n, 18004 Granada, Spain;9. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain;10. Departament d’Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;11. Depto. Producción Vegetal, Escuela de Ingeniería Técnica Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Ramiro de Maeztu s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic;2. Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic;3. Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic;4. Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK;5. Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland;6. Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic;1. INRA, UMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, 54280 Champenoux, France;2. Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Eberswalderstr. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany;3. Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany;4. University of Florence, Dept. of Agri-Food and Environmental Sciences, Section of Soil and Plant Science, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy;1. Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, GER-15374 Müncheberg, Germany;2. Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna, Gregor Mendel Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria;3. Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, P.O. Box 115, N-1431 Ås, Norway;4. Climatology Department, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Henrik Mohns plass 1, N-0313 Oslo, Norway;5. Institute of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, GER-85764 Neuherberg, Germany;6. Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;1. INIA-CIFOR, Crta. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. CEREGE UMR 7330, CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université, Europole de l’Arbois, BP 8013545, Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France;3. Aranzada Gestión Forestal S.L.P., C/Alonso Heredia, 31, 28028 Madrid, Spain;1. Dept. Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 49, SE 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;3. Chaire industrielle CRSNG-UQAT-UQAM en aménagement forestier durable, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boulevard de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, Québec J9X 5E4, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Disentangling how variation in reproduction and growth is linked in plants across different ecological scales, and how allocation rules change in response to stress are fundamental aspects of life history theory. Although it is known that reproductive allocation is an allometric process and that environmental conditions can influence demographic traits, patterns of variation in vegetative and reproductive functions across and within individuals of tree species suffering drought-induced decline have rarely been documented. In this study we use Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as a model species to explore patterns of variation in cone production and growth in two declining populations at the southern edge of its distribution. A Bayesian approach was used to assess how these demographic traits vary as a function of drought effects and competition and covary across different ecological scales. The allometric trajectories relating tree size with cone production and growth differed along gradients of drought impacts and biotic interactions. Although reproduction and growth increased with tree size, cone production reached a maximum at intermediate sized trees and stabilized or decreased at larger sizes. Drought stress effects (defoliation at the tree level and overall decline at the plot level) and competition for resources reduced cone production and growth. Our results also showed differential effects of defoliation on cone production depending on tree size, with stronger effects on larger individuals. After accounting for these effects, much of the variation of demographic traits and correlations among them occurred at small ecological scales across individuals (i.e. within plots) and within individuals across years. This resulted in covariations between demographic traits among nearby individuals and within individuals through time, suggesting a consistent advantage in resource acquisition of some individuals within plots, and trade-offs between growth and cone production within trees across years. In conclusion, this study reports that drought-induced forest decline is associated with lower growth and cone production in Scots pine, which could contribute to explain the long-term impacts of drought in southern populations of this species and, in particular, its low regeneration capacity after severe drought. |
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| Keywords: | Drought Growth Reproduction Size-dependent Trade-off |
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