Caveolae and caveolae constituents in mechanosensing |
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Authors: | Enzo Spisni Mattia Toni Antonio Strillacci Grazia Galleri Spartaco Santi Cristiana Griffoni Vittorio Tomasi |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Experimental Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy;(2) Department of Physiological, Biochemical and Cellular Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy;(3) Bologna Unit-CNR c/o I.O.R., Institute of Organ Transplant and Immunocytology (ITOI), Via di Barbiano 1/10, I-40138 Bologna, Italy |
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Abstract: | Studies in modeled microgravity or during orbital space flights have clearly demonstrated that endothelial cell physiology
is strongly affected by the reduction of gravity. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms by which endothelial cells may sense
gravity force remain unclear. We previously hypothesized that endothelial cell caveolae could be a mechanosensing system involved
in hypergravity adaptation of human endothelial cells. In this study, we analyzed the effect on the physiology of human umbilical
vein endothelial cell monolayers of short exposure to modeled microgravity (24–48h) obtained by clinorotation. For this purpose,
we evaluated the levels of compounds, such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, involved in vascular tone regulation and synthesized
starting from caveolae-related enzymes. Furthermore, we examined posttranslational modifications of Caveolin (Cav)-1 induced
by simulated microgravity. The results we collected clearly indicated that short microgravity exposure strongly affected endothelial
nitrix oxide synthase activity associated with Cav-1 (Tyr 14) phosphorylation, without modifying the angiogenic response of
human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We propose here that one of the early molecular mechanisms responsible for gravity
sensing of endothelium involves endothelial cell caveolae and Cav-1 phosphorylation. |
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Keywords: | Microgravity endothelial cells nitric oxide Caveolin-1 caveolae |
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