Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) seed fatty acids,flavonoids and heavy metals plasticity to different urban environments |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Neurosciences, PLA Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an 710032, China;2. Department of Neurology, PLA 425th Hospital, 86 Sanya Bay Road, Sanya 572000, China;1. Department of Research and Development, Kotobuki Seika Co., Ltd., 2028 Hatagasaki, Yonago, Tottori 683-0845, Japan;2. Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan;3. The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;1. Department of Physics and Biophysics, Poznan University of Life Science, Wojska Polskiego 38-42, 60-637, Poznan, Poland;2. Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland;3. Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, PL-60637, Poznan, Poland;4. Department of Optometry, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, ul. Rokietnicka 5 D, 60-806, Poznań, Poland;5. Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland;6. Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemical Basis of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering in Stalowa Wola, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Kwiatkowskiego 3A, 37-450, Stalowa Wola, Poland;1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000, Mugla, Turkey;2. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilim University, 34000, Istanbul, Turkey;3. Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35000, Izmir, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) is a deciduous tree which is widely used on urban green spaces in Serbia. Also, the seed of horse chestnut is an important raw material in pharmaceutical industry, owing to its medicinal properties. In this study, the content of fatty acids, flavonoids, aescin and heavy metals in seeds of 11 horse chestnut genotypes growing in urban conditions was investigated. A total of 16 fatty acids were identified. Unsaturated fatty acids in seed samples were the most abundat. Among the saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid was the dominant one, with a total average content of 8.12%. Oleic acid, with the total average content of 53.46%, was the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid. The results of this study indicated the presence of the following flavonoids: quercetin, kaempferol and rutin. Rutin was the most abundant, averagely contributing with 6.071 μg/g to the total quantified polyphenolics in all samples. The total aescin content ranged from 0.82% to 4.16%. Fruits of park and street trees from small- and middle-sized cities can be used in pharmaceutical industry as raw material. Differences between different urban site categories and localities were detected, which indicates the biochemical plasticity of the seeds to urban morphology. |
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| Keywords: | Seed Fatty acids Flavonoids Heavy metals Urban tree |
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