Structure,function, and regulation of thioesterases |
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| Institution: | 3. From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 and;4. the Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02192-9108;1. Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;2. Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;3. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;4. Center for Structural Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;5. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;6. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;7. Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;8. Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;9. Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;3. Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan;4. Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Thioesterases are present in all living cells and perform a wide range of important biological functions by catalysing the cleavage of thioester bonds present in a diverse array of cellular substrates. Thioesterases are organised into 25 families based on their sequence conservation, tertiary and quaternary structure, active site configuration, and substrate specificity. Recent structural and functional characterisation of thioesterases has led to significant changes in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that govern enzyme activity and their respective cellular roles. The resulting dogma changes in thioesterase regulation include mechanistic insights into ATP and GDP-mediated regulation by oligomerisation, the role of new key regulatory regions, and new insights into a conserved quaternary structure within TE4 family members. Here we provide a current and comparative snapshot of our understanding of thioesterase structure, function, and regulation across the different thioesterase families. |
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