生态系统的组织理论：食物链动态论与互惠共生—控制论

本文主要介绍生态系统的组织理论，食物链动态理论和互惠共生－控制论，这两种理论代表了进化生态学家与系统生态学家两个学派。前者是建立在达尔文的“生存竞争”思想耻，强调初级生产力是关键变量，捕食作用和食物资源两者随初级生产力梯度的增加交替控制食物网结构，并预报相邻营养级的生物量和周转率为负相关关系，被称作“生态学的中心理论”后者是建立在控制论基础上，认为生态系统是正，负反馈联合构建的，并预报生物量和周转

ECOSYSTEM ORGANIZATION: FOOD CHAIN DYNAMICS AND MUTUALISM-CYBERNETICS

This paper introduced the theories of ecosystem organizations the development of foodchain dynamics and main points of mutualism-cybernetics theories.Both of the theories arenecessary for analyzing food web patterns because they focus on complementary scales of observation. The food chain dynamics theory depends upon Darwinan evolution and ecologicalinteractions, and emphasizes trophic level patterns.It is useful to examine the direct andindirect effects of predator-prey interactions.The mutualism-cybernetics theory depends upon community selection, which may be more useful for studying species,trophic guildinteractions and the indirect effects caused by nutrient cycling,competition and abiotic factors.