中国生态工业园区发展的环境绩效指数构建方法

运用多目标排序方法构建了中国生态工业园区发展环境绩效指数,以量化比较生态工业园区间的环境绩效。首先基于《综合类生态工业园区标准》筛选构建环境绩效评价指标体系,包括经济发展、资源能源消耗、污染排放3个准则层;其次应用标准化方法和正态分布的累积分布函数NORMDIST依次对各项指标原始数据进行2次数据处理;最后准则层、指标层均等权重进行归一化得到环境绩效指数。应用所构建的环境绩效指数方法以2010年为基准年,分析了24家综合类国家生态工业示范园区的绩效,并将《综合类生态工业园区标准》作为虚拟的"标准园区"进行比较。分析了环境绩效指数的影响因素,并基于环境绩效指数方法对中国生态工业示范园区发展的管理决策提出了建议。

Environmental performance index for eco-industrial park development in China

This study establishes the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) for eco-industrial park development in China by applying multi-criteria ranking method. First, an indicator system is established by referring to the Standard for Sector-integrate Eco-industrial Park. The indicator system includes eight indicators, which are classified into three categories, the indicators of economic development, resource and energy consumption, and pollution discharge. Second, a two-step normalization method is used to transform the original values of different indicators. Third, an equal weight method is applied for aggregation. The EPIs of the 24 national demonstration eco-industrial parks are analyzed and ranked with 2010 as the reference year. We suppose a standard eco-industrial park by referring to the Standard for Sector-integrate Eco-industrial Park. The key factors crucial to EPI are investigated, which include industrial structure, development stage of the eco-industrial park, and the type of the eco-industrial parks. The industrial structure of the eco-industrial park, moreover, the pillar industries of the park usually play a significant role on the EPI. The development stage of the eco-industrial park is the second key factor for the EPI. The accredited national demonstration eco-industrial parks generally have better EPIs than the eco-industrial parks on trial. The third important factor crucial to the EPI is the type of the industrial park. Overall, the EPI of the eco-industrial parks retrofitted from high-tech industrial development zone is better than those retrofitted from economic and technological development zone. At last, the policy implication based on ranking the EPI of the 24 eco-industrial parks is discussed. The standard eco-industrial park supposed above, which is designated an EPI of 60, is ranked along with the 24 eco-industrial parks by comparing the EPI respectively. We find that 23 of the 24 eco-industrial parks have better EPI than that of the standard eco-industrial park. The Standard for Sector-integrate Eco-industrial Park is still at a low level compared with most national high-tech industrial development zones and national economic and technological development zones that have accredited as the national demonstration eco-industrial parks. In addition, some industrial parks that have homed to the industries having intensive energy and water consumption, such as steel, chemical industry, and textile dyeing and finishing, do not achieve the same good EPI as the high-tech industrial development zones or economic and technological development zones. However, they have greatly improved technologies of cleaner production and are devoted to pollution control, and thus should also be encouraged and honored for eco-industrial park development. The management of the eco-industrial parks should be classified carefully according to the categories and stage of development thereof. The indicator system underling the EPI of eco-industrial park in this study is open, and new indicators could be added with the continuously development of eco-industrial park, by the two-step normalization method proposed. The EPI method can be used to quantitatively evaluate the performance of industrial parks and promote the eco-industrial park development in China.